Reading Has Many Benefits - 1604 Words

SPM ESSAYS – EXTRA! EXAMPLE 1 Reading has many benefits. What are they? Introduction Most of us have been exposed to reading since we were young but not many of us have the habit of reading for leisure. - read only because they have to study for their examinations but reading is not only limited to study materials - fun to read storybooks, novels, magazines, comics, newspapers and any other reading material that is of interest to us Main body a) Reading enhances our general knowledge. - learn about various and cultures in other parts of the world - take us on a journey to these countries without traveling - open our eyes to the world around us and teach us about the lives of other people in other countries - also have the opportunity to†¦show more content†¦There is a powerful connection between the body and mind. A strong and healthy body needs a strong mind in order to make it most useful. As the saying goes, A sound mind is lodged in a sound body. It is for this reason that great stress is put on physical exercise as well as mental training. Physical exercise is vital develop a healthy body. Finally, to maintain good health, we should also stay away from unhealthy habits such as smoking and drinking. Heavy drinking and smoking bring upon illnesses and 2 shorten our lives. We must remember that is easier to fall sick than to recover, as illustrated by the saying, Sickness comes on horseback and goes away on foot. So lead a healthy lifestyle to avoid falling ill constantly. It is usual that we seldom miss something till we have lost it. Having said this, be aware that good health is an asset that we should never wait to lose before we start appreciating it. EXAMPLE 3 Tourism is good for our country. What do you think? Tourism consists of activities of people visiting a place on holiday and providing the services to these people. All countries of the world from the developed to the underdeveloped, from the first world to the third world have jumped on the bandwagon to earn at many tourist dollars as possible. Tourism is a big money spinner, from the safari parks in Africa to the ancient historical sites in China. However, to someShow MoreRelatedTeaching Effective Reading Instruction And Key Reading Skills1692 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many benefits provided to students who are systemically and explicitly taught effective reading instruction and key reading skills, though children may not always have opportunities in order to benefit to the full extent. The main approach to teaching effective reading instruction can be broken down into two definitions; â€Å"Systematic instruction reflects several important characteristics. Skills and concepts are taught in a planned, logically progressive sequence† (A Closer Look at the FiveRead MoreThe Importance Of Reading For Children At An Early Age1407 Words   |  6 PagesReading was never important to me until high school came around, that is when I realized school work would have been easier if I had read more often as a child. My mother never pushed me to read, though I wish she would have. Even though I preferred watching T.V., reading would have been more beneficial for me in the long run. Statistic’s showing literacy rates among fourth graders taken from the National Assessment of Education Progress says, â€Å"The literacy rates among fourth grade students in AmericaRead MoreThe Benefits Of Reading Out Loud858 Words   |  4 PagesThe Benefits of Reading Out Loud to Your Children Being read to out loud as a child is something I remember very well. However, I would have never thought that being read to was not only fun but very beneficiary as well. Being read to out loud is a memory many parents have from their childhood and is one passed on to their children as well. This is something every child should get to experience in their lifetime, it helps prepare them for school, strengthens their ability to bond, and helps childrenRead MoreResearch Based Benefits Of Play Essay941 Words   |  4 Pages1) Evidence for 3+ research-based benefits of play There are many benefits of play for young children physically, emotionally, and academically. In an article on play, Wheatley (2011), found research that stated children in more play-oriented classroom were just as successful at problem solving skills as those in traditional classrooms from Smith and Simon (1984) (located in Zigler, Singer, Bishop-Josef, 2004, p. 70). These children in play-oriented classrooms also had more problem solving ideasRead MoreVolunteering At The Sacramento Public Library1500 Words   |  6 PagesBeecher. This quote has proven to be true as I volunteered at the Sacramento Public library. Volunteering at the Sacramento Public Library led me to various work experience, and I see it as one of the most important necessities of life, especially for education. At the library, I learned to work around for my social skills as I helped others when in need, I learned to always be punctual, or sometimes early to be on time. Though, what I loved doing most in the lib rary was reading to little childrenRead MoreStudents Lack Of Comprehension And Motivation797 Words   |  4 Pagesmotivation. Many students read at grade level or below grade level in urban schools. They are not motivated internally or by external factors to be more involved with school or to read. Adolescent students are at an age where peer influence has a significant affect on them. If students do not see or hear about one another reading, the chances of them reading are lower. However, when students do hear that their peers are reading a book and recommend it to one another this validates reading to the studentsRead MoreThe Effect Of Explicit And Systematic Approaches On Students Literacy Development1433 Words   |  6 Pagesconclusions that have come out of researching â€Å"Effective Reading Instruction† have shown significant benefits to students who are taught in an upfront, straight to the point manner. Within this essay it will be discussed the importance of an e ffective reading instruction along with its 5 elements. As well as the effects of explicit and systematic approaches on student’s literacy development. The benefits of allowing children to choose their own reading literature and the findings of the research completedRead MoreThe Big Reason For Choosing Print Over Digital952 Words   |  4 Pagesconstantly being challenged to complete numerous assignments from various classes that are due on the same day. It is very typical for students to have to multi-task while working on homework assignments. When it comes to reading online, it causes a lot of distractions. Reading online or reading on a Kindle/tablet ereader makes it very easy to open a new tab that consists of either social media or another website which prolongs the study time more than it was intended. American University linguistics professorRead MoreThe Problem Of Lack Of Reading Habits1584 Words   |  7 Pagesabovementioned statistics it is clearly seen that lack of reading habits is considered to be one of the biggest problems in the world nowadays. The main objective of this essay is to provide possible solutions to solve the problem: firstly, show to people famous and influential role examples who prefer to read, remind people about the positive consequences of reading and lastly, open a reading clubs. The problem of lack of reading habits originates from the beginning of the 21st century. TheRead MoreHow Has Your Thinking On Immigration Changed From The Beginning Of The Semester?901 Words   |  4 PagesHow has your thinking on immigration changed from the beginning of the semester? My thoughts on immigration changed a lot because I think that I’m more able to analyze countries policies and especially the U.S policies toward Immigration. I used to think a country restrictive toward immigration was mostly linked to conservatism reasons but the liberal paradox mentioned in the first reading by Hollifield â€Å"The Emerging migration state† made me understand that they were more behind immigration restrictions

The Operating System Linux - 916 Words

3. Linux 3.1 Introduction: The operating system Linux is an open source version of UNIX [6]. In 1992 [8] Linus Torvalds, who was a computer science student -at the University of Helsinki- [6], was the one who started this operating system. Linux is used on variety of hardware (e.g. on workstations, mid-and high-end servers and on gadgets), which makes it unique [6]. Linux keeps maintaining its position in the market due to the hard work of both employees and volunteers [6]. Previously, UNIX systems used batch jobs, which run a process until it is finished and then the next process will run [8]. What UNIX used is known as â€Å"non-preemptive scheduling† [8]. After years, preemptive scheduling was used to run processes in parallel by switching between them [8]. 3.2 Scheduling Technique: Linux scheduler is based on Time-Sharing Scheduling technique [7], which means â€Å"It can effectively schedule tasks that have strict timing requirements†. The CPU is divided into small sections, which allows many process to run simultaneously [7]. Time-sharing depends on â€Å"timer interrupts† [7]. 3.2 Scheduling Priorities: The priority ranges differ for real- time tasks and normal tasks in Linux scheduler [1]. In real-time tasks: priorities vary from 0 to 99. In normal tasks: processes’ priorities range from 100 to 139. Processes who have higher priorities are â€Å"numerically† lower than others [1]. Normal tasks are appointed priorities â€Å"based on their niceShow MoreRelatedThe Elements Of The Operating System For Linux1190 Words   |  5 Pagesof the operating system for the LINUX comprises of the components such as follows: System Calls – The system calls are the service requests made for the specific kernels. Signals – The signals are the calling functions for the operating system to the process and requests. Processes – The process management is used to provide the creation, scheduling and management of various processes. Memory Management – The memory management is used to provide the memory storage allocations to the system. FileRead MoreEssay on Linux Operating System1087 Words   |  5 PagesLinux is a trademark owned by Linus Torvalds [1]. It is an operating system which is powerful, free and inexpensive to own based on UNIX [1]. It is a POSIX-compliant with versions available to install in cell phones, supercomputers and most computing systems [1]. Linux is an open source program as its source code is available to the general public for use and the right to modify from its original design without any charges [1]. New code will be added to the next version made available with LinuxRead MoreOperating Systems: Why Linux?555 Words   |  2 Pagesseries of operating systems created by Microsoft. Windows operating systems are a main source of income for Microsoft and are expected to rise due to support for Windows XP being cancelled. â€Å"The Windows boost is likely related to businesses increasingly moving away from Windows XP as it entered end of support earlier this month† (Warren, Tom). Wind ows is a good operating system but why not have a better one? â€Å"Linux is a potential solution† (Kerner, Sean M.). Say goodbye to paying for operating systemsRead MoreLinux Is A Computer Operating System1814 Words   |  8 PagesLinux is everywhere. From your mobile phone to the laptop, desktop, servers, super computers, even the important role. There is a special need to know about. Keeping in mind the requirements and requests for a lot of the decision will discuss the details of Linux. What Computer Operating System, or OS Linux is a computer Operating System with the details before you need to have a basic knowledge. We have a post before about computer operating system, if you can read the post. Top 9 Operating SystemsRead MoreLinux Operating System Resembles Unix Operating. System1124 Words   |  5 PagesLinux operating system resembles UNIX operating system a lot but they are not same. They are two different operating systems. Linux operating system is created by considering UNIX as basis. It is not only advanced in operating system development but it is also more powerful and easily available to users. It is an open source software. Unlike any other operating system, user can take Linux and modify the configurations of operating system as per their requirement. Like windows operating system, LinuxRead More Linux Operating Systems Essay2133 Words   |  9 PagesThe most popular UNIX-system design end of the XX century has become an inexpensive alternative to expensive (HP-UNIX, SUN Solaris, Digital UNIX) solutions - Operating System (OS etc.) Linux. Today the pace of market development of this system compared to other well-known operating systems is the most intense (Stutz 2004). The strength of the Linux operating system is its flexibility: The system covers the entire range of applications - from desktop PC to multiprocessor servers and super clustersRead MoreOperating System Proposal: Linux2363 Words   |  10 PagesOperating System Proposal Linux has long been one of many operating systems that have been out to prove its worth in all types of environment. It is currently being considered for enterprise network purposes as well as data centers where it implies servers, workstations and any mainframes as needed. Choosing what operating system to use, whether it is open source or not, can be difficult, though. This paper projects the advantages and concerns of choosing an open source solution like Linux asRead MoreLinux Operating System on Business2703 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction about Linux Linux is an operating system that was initially created as a hobby by a young student, Linus Torvalds, at the University of Helsinki in Finland. Linus had an interest in Minix, a small UNIX system, and decided to develop a system that exceeded the Minix standards. He began his work in 1991 when he released version 0.02 and worked steadily until 1994 when version 1.0 of the Linux Kernel was released. Linux is developed and released under the GNU General Public License andRead MoreLinux And Microsoft Operating Systems Essay1573 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Linux and Microsoft operating systems have been developed and marketed in two very different ways. Microsoft has become synonymous with monopoly and substandard software, while Linux is based on free, open source and the concept of open standards, full disclosure and sharing. Microsoft attempts to discourage consumers from using the Linux solution by suggesting that the operating system is less than perfect, yet it remains blind to its own operating systems problems existent within WindowsRead MoreAn Operating System Based On The Linux Kernel1761 Words   |  8 Pageshardware, software, personnel, and their implementations. Our group consists of Brad Soergel, Kai Javois, Maan Ababtain, Nuh Hamilton, and Lakeem Duporte. Our group was charged with utilizing the Android operating system in the business of our choice. We decided to implement this operating system in the Management, Deployment, and day to day activities of a Tourism office. Due to the need for mobility, we decided An droid would be best for the integration of our mobile devices. We were allotted

The Bible speaks of love Free Essays

The Bible speaks of love as a set of attitudes and actions that are far broader than the concept of love as an emotional attachment. Love is seen as a set of behaviors: â€Å"Place me like a seal over your heart, like a seal on your arm; for love is as strong as death, it’s jealously unyielding as the grave. It burns like a blazing fire, like a mighty flame. We will write a custom essay sample on The Bible speaks of love or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many waters cannot quench love; rivers cannot wash it away. If one were to give all the wealth of his house for love, it would be utterly scorned.† (Song of Solomon 8: 6-7) Setting the quote beside Faulkner’s A Rose for Emily, we see their differences stand out in stark contrast. The love as it exists in the story is very different from the love that the Bible talks about. In fact, they are polar opposites. While the love that the Bible talks about is steadfast and willing to fight, in does so in a manner that is reasonable and upright. The Bible speaks of an ideal love that is lucid, even as it enduring and powerful. The love that is portrayed in Faulkner’s story is a destructive obsession that drove the main character to commit murder. Emily’s deep loneliness stems from a childhood deprived of a loving home. Emily did not want for material things, but there was no warmth in her home. And she grew up longing for a genuine connection with another person. That is why she fell madly in love at the first man she had met. (Faulkner, 2002) Looking at Emily’s story, I wonder if she really fell in love. Can love ever spring from a place of fear? While I cannot fault Emily for it, she was desperately afraid of being alone.   She was willing to embrace the illusion of love, and hold on to it nail, tooth and claws. And when the man she wanted did not return her feelings, Emily did not let him go. Rather than face the truth and move on, Emily killed the man she â€Å"loved,† and carried the secret to her grave. I think that reflecting on the love that the Bible talks about is important. Indeed, true love fights and is enduring and passionate. But love should always bring out the best in us, not drive us to madness like what happened with Emily. We all fall into the illusion of love, because like Emily, most of us are so afraid of being alone. But love in its purest sense can never come from a place of fear. In such cases, love mutates into a dangerous obsession that can drive us to commit desperate acts. True love is always self-sacrificing. When you are in love, the welfare and happiness of your loved one always comes first. There is no room for revenge or spite for those whose hearts love deeply and purely. It will fight for true love and let go if that is what is necessary to make our loved ones happy. References: Bible. Song of Solomon. 8:6-7. NIV. Faulkner, William. â€Å"A Rose for Emily.† Literature: The Human Experience. 8th ed. Ed. Richard Abcarian and Marvin Klotz. Boston: Bedford, 666–672. 2002.                                                                         How to cite The Bible speaks of love, Essay examples

Data Protection Measures †Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Data Protection Measures ? Answer: This study deals with the case study on Sarbanes Oxley International. Data protection management provides backup to the files to ensure that the task are safe and the data is easily recoverable in the future (Sim-Tang et al. 2013). It is necessary to have effective data protection management as it will help in effective processing as well as methodologies to secure the data with utmost integrity. The modern practices on data management help in storing the services with proper back up so as to enable less of troubleshooting. This is a tool that helps in providing visibility to issues that is not possible with only backup application. This company has to undergone various criticism related to posing additional regulation that leads to lack of competitiveness with countries like USA. SOX manage with the financial statements so ensure quality assessment by the Board of Directors. Limitation is faced in order to protect the data as there is vast amount of data generated on a daily basis (Chen Zhao, 2012). The company fails to store in an automated manner that leads to loss of files in the future run. It is important to practice data protection management so that important files are saved and backup are there for future reference. Data protection is necessary in an organization in the recent world. It is known that data are mostly recorded electronically so organization should engage in installing software that will help them to manage with records in an effective manner. Reference List Sim-Tang, S. Y., Fraisl, D. J., Hoeber, A. N. (2013).U.S. Patent No. 8,544,023. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Chen, D., Zhao, H. (2012, March). Data security and privacy protection issues in cloud computing. InComputer Science and Electronics Engineering (ICCSEE), 2012 International Conference on(Vol. 1, pp. 647-651). IEEE.

Physics Relevance Essays - Acceleration, Aether Theories

Physics Relevance By [emailprotected] One aspect of physics in my life is gravity. Whenever I loose my balance, whether I'm on a bike, walking, or trying to stand on one leg, I will fall down. This is because every mass is attracted to every other mass, so my body is attracted to the earth, and the earth is attracted to my body, only not as much, because my body has a much smaller mass than the earth. This is also why when I drop something; it falls down, instead of just floating there like it would in space. This is very important in my life, because if I am not careful or if I start ignoring this aspect of physics I will fall, and end up with a bunch of bruises. This is also why when picking something up, or carrying something, I have to be careful not to drop it or break it. There is also a chance that gravity will cause something to fall on top of me, and that would hurt. This all may sound like a bad thing, but actually gravity has many good uses to, like with out gravity it would be very hard to find anything, because everything would just float away. It would also be a lot harder for people to get around, because cars wouldn't be able to ride on the ground. And we also wouldn't be able to walk, we would have to bounce from one place to another, and there would probably be a lot of midair collisions because people would not be able to control themselves. But if you think about it, these problems would not even exist if there was no gravity, because that would be nothing holding earth around the sun, so we would all freeze to death. The earth would also have no atmosphere, so we would not be able to breathe anything, and we would all suffocate.

What threat did the Vikings pose to Carolingian Christianity Essays

What threat did the Vikings pose to Carolingian Christianity Essays What threat did the Vikings pose to Carolingian Christianity Paper What threat did the Vikings pose to Carolingian Christianity Paper Essay Topic: Apocalypse Now Viking paganism, with its human sacrifices, bloody rituals and numerous gods, instilled fear into the hearts of many Christians and diluted the Christian faith with their ‘lore of trolls, giants, dwarves and elves’ as mentioned by Viking historian Martin Arnold[1]. With raids in the 9th century and onwards focusing on religious centres across Europe e. g. monasteries and churches, many feared an attack on Christianity, and a threat to religious unity. With early attacks on the monastery at Lindisfarne in 793, where ‘Vikings slaughtered some of the monks, robbed and burned the monastery’ according to Johannes Bronsted’s book, and other seemingly religious attacks on Iona and Kintyre in Scotland, it seemed Christianity was under attack. [2] Raids continued throughout Western Europe through the 9th century, yet religious motives seemed not to be on the forefront of most Vikings’ minds. As Gwyn Jones’ states ‘Viking motives overseas were routed in human nature’, with motives ranging from ‘land to farm, wealth to make life splendid’ and even for merely ‘dignity and fame’[3]. Therefore it can be said that many monasteries and religious institutions were merely targeted for their wealth, not as a pagan attack on the Christian faith. There are little to no records of the Vikings ever forcibly converting people to paganism, when they settled they usually dissolved into other cultures. However, with the brutality and viciousness of some documented raids such as the raids on Paris (885-886), it is understandable why people feared for their faith. Yet the Christian Church was never defeated as the cultural and spiritual centre of Europe and paganism remained a minority, one that would slowly die a quiet death along with many other Viking traditions, as the age slowly drew to a close on the dawn of the globalisation of Christianity. The Vikings were Pagans, following and praying to many gods, such as Thor, Odin and Freyja, each playing different roles in Viking culture and life. Norse paganism had no orthodoxy of belief and no figurehead, therefore was hugely dissimilar to the Christian faith. Accounts of the Christian King of East Anglia, St. Edmund’s, death in 855 is a brutal account of Danish and pagan ferocity against a particular Christian individual, even using him as target practice before murdering him[4]. Incidents like this, led to a growing sense of fear among Christians regarding the Viking ‘heathens’. Thus, being Pagans, Vikings had no religious respect for holy institutions of Christianity, raiding vulnerable monastic sites such as Lindisfarne, Skye and Rathlin. However, although to the monks inhabiting these areas this may look like a direct Norse attack on European Christianity, this was not the case. It can be proven that Viking attacks on churches were not of religious origins, as ‘poorer churches and communities were left alone at the expense of richer establishments’ and the choices of attacking the richer institutes was ‘pragmatic rather than ideologically motivated’[5]. It also should be noted that religious artefacts held no meaning to the Vikings, and the majority were left in place, showing that theses raids were economically motivated, not for religious desecration. It should also be acknowledged, that the monks writing the accounts of Viking raids, may be prone to exaggeration, which may have fuelled the fear on the Scandinavian traders, and increase paranoia, especially in coastal regions. A monk Simeon of Durham described a brutal raid ‘they miserably ravaged and pillaged everything; they trod the holy things under their polluted feet, the dug down the alters and plundered all the treasures of the church. [6]’ For local people hearing these kinds of accounts, the told defilement of religious objects mentioned, would more than likely appear as a siege on Christian establishments. Therefore, it is understandable why people may have believed the Viking raids were religiously motivated, although much destruction and bloodshed was involved, the raids were sporadic and often targeted non religious places also. We now know that the Vikings main driving force was wealth, leading to their attraction to the monasteries. The Vikings did not threaten Christianity with their raids, merely instilled fear of their own religion into Christians, attacking the physical aspects of the Church, rather than a crusade against the Christian faith itself. Yet, in the case of the Carolingian Empire in the 9th century, it can be said the Vikings threatened Christianity to a greater extent there than the rest of Europe, as the Empire was already in a fragile and precarious state and therefore a more inviting target for Viking raiders. The raids on Francia were interpreted as religiously motivated, with monks believing ‘the invasions represented a punishment for the Frank’s sins in fulfilment of biblical prophecy’[7]. Many of the documented raids written by Frankish monks describe the Vikings as ‘pagani’, indicating supposed religious motivation behind the attacks. The raids certainly acted as a catalyst in the decline of the Carolingian Empire as well as religious unity within the country, yet H. Zettel argues that although the raids contributed to the fragmentation of Carolingia, they were not a form of ‘militant paganism’ and therefore not religiously motivated[8]. Although other historians disagree with this notion, with Wallace- Hadrill stating paganism was indeed an important driving factor behind the raids, and the Vikings viewed raids on Francia as its own ‘holy war’[9]. Yet we also have to take into consideration that many other factors also contributed to the fall of the Carolingians, and Christianity continued in France long after the Vikings refrained from raiding Frankish shores, leading to the observation that the threat could never have been extensive, as Christianity was never defeated in the country. However this did not stop the overall feeling of fear and persecution in Francia, and the Viking raids acted as a catalyst in the fall of one of Europe’s superpowers. The main threat to Christianity in Carolingia stemmed mainly from the Franks own theology regarding the Viking attacks, considering them a sign towards the apocloypse and ‘that the last days were at hand’, and there fear of ‘a general lapse back into Germanic paganism’[10]. This led to religious panic and combined with the Frankish civil wars led to an overall defeat in morale and religious unity. The Vikings played a role in the fragmenting of the Carolingian Empire, threatening Christianity to an extent that broke people’s faith and had them doubting their lives, believing the end was nigh. However, if this was an intentional tactic by the Vikings is hard to decipher. It is clear that Christianity in the Carolingian Empire was definitely damaged by the Vikings, as can be seen in the apocalyptic thoughts of the time so a threat was definitely posed, but not a great enough one to defeat Christianity for good or convert people to their pagan ways. The Vikings most likely unintentionally, contributed to the end of one of the world’s great superpowers, threatening Christianity in the short term, and terrorising people to such an extent, some prayed for the apocalypse, leading to an overall threat to Christian unity. Another important point to take into account is the Vikings conversion to Christianity themselves, with baptism of Danes starting in 823. This leads to the question of how much of a threat could the Vikings have been causing to Christianity if slowly but surely they were being Christianised themselves? King Harald was baptized in 826, proving the dawning of Christianity in Scandinavia. The notion that Christianity was spreading through Scandinavia however can actually be used as an argument for or against the threat the Vikings posed to the faith. For one, especially during the late 9th century, the Vikings may have been less inclined to attack religious institutions, yet conversely the infiltration of Christianity may fuel the hatred of those still Pagan, and further draw Viking raiders to using Churches as targets, therefore still proving a threat. However, the process of Christianisation in Scandinavia was a long, drawn out process, and according to J. Frederick Hodgetts, paganism was never truely defeated. He states ‘they had been clad in Christian guise, it is true, but their origin is Pagan, and Pagan they remain’[11]. This may mean the threat to Christianity, although a benign one, only died when paganism did, as long as pagan traditions remained so did the lurking threat. However this goes back to the argument, that paganism had little or nothing to do with the raids, so the Christianisation of Scandinavia was an evolved movement, casting water over any sparks of pagan threat that might still be alight, even if paganism still remained in the minority, once the majority began to turn to Christianity, the threat was nonexistent, if there ever had been one in the first place. The 9th century however was merely the beginning of a colossal religious transformation, but one that should be noted in relation to the threat posed to Christianity. It seems that the threat was diminishing before it even started with Christian missions being sent to Scandinavia maybe as early as 710. As said by DuBois in his book detailing the long conversion to Christianity ‘The Viking age was a time of consolidation: an ear in which a variety of pre Christian belief systems diminished in number’ clearly referring the paganism and the ‘threat’ that accompanied it. DuBois makes the point that all non Christians in the 9th century were depicted as ‘enemies, prone to violence, acts of deviousness, ignorance and sometimes utter stupidity’ and that these’ non Christians’ in Scandinavia all fell under the term ‘pagan’[12]. Yet with Christianity being infiltrated into Scandinavia almost as soon as the Viking age began, it can be said that as soon as these ‘non Christians’ were converted, the threat of these ‘enemies’ and their acts of ‘deviousness’ were diminished. The overall threat the Vikings posed to Christianity in the 9th century was being counter acted from the very beginning by their own conversion, a struggle which would eventually tame the Vikings, and exterminate a threat that concerned only the physical nature of the Church, Christianity remained alight in Europe long after the Vikings had been absorbed into the faith themselves. Overall, it would see that these various points direct towards a conclusion of a small yet terrifying threat to Christianity during the 9th century. Yet the fragmentation of Carolingia was due to many factors and not just the brutal Viking raids, however they did play a major role. But Christianity was never threatened within Francia, with it being the main religion still to this day. The question is what constitutes to a threat on Christianity, is it a threat to Christian unity in the community, a threat to peoples personal faith, or a threat to the institution itself. In some senses, the Vikings did all of these, threatening Christian unity in the Carolingian empire, breaking already fragile communities into terrified groups, which also led to people believing apocalyptic thoughts and questioning their own faith. The Vikings threatened mainly the religious metaphors and symbols of the Church, yet for completely non religious motives. The institute of Christianity was never really threatened. An attack on the papacy was never carried out and most areas remained untouched by Viking raids. The 9th century yes was a tumultuous time for those being affected by Viking raids, but it is impossible to say that the threat to Christianity was anything more than terror tactics, by an actually well advanced race, rather than an attempted extermination of Christians by forced conversion to paganism. In conclusion the threat to Christianity in the 9th century was definitely present in theory, but never manifested itself into a direct siege on the church and was an almost un intentional threat. Paganism slowly died out, and Christianity remained the dominant force in Europe, and one the Vikings themselves gradually succumbed to. The ninth century ended, with Christianity still intact, as it was before and would be for over a thousand years to come.

Unit 3 Human service Policy Discussion Research Paper

Unit 3 Human service Policy Discussion - Research Paper Example It designed programs that increased the child care spending as well as the food ration for the elderly. The government are now focusing in creating citizenship that are independent by providing ways of creating employment rather than depending on the government support ( J. Soss et al, 2005). However, the Obama administration did not mention anything to do with poverty because the feared attacks from the public. The government used all means possible to remove the attitude of people that the government must support poor people by giving them handouts. Many initiatives have been set up at the state and local levels to find mitigating measures of addressing poverty reduction. Up to twelve states in 2008 took the advantage of the global economic recession to set up poverty commissions and legislative caucuses to address poverty level (Congressional Budget Office). There are several future strategies that were put by the government to curb the rate of poverty increment and these included ways of finding a solution that could help stop the welfare debates especially in political campaigns and media, engaging the public in finding support for the needy, all the cash assistance policies should to be boosted so as to achieve more consistency towards work support as well as findi ng programs that the poor could be easily be integrated into. Establishment of more efficient and effective programs at the state and local levels by the government to help in assisting the poor, reinstituting the 2009 stimulus packages into effective ways of assisting the poor. In conclusion the government helps the poor by implementing the programs and policies that brings to an end the welfare programs. However, the poverty levels in North American and African countries have been on the higher levels for quiet along time (Jason DeParle,